\u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0647\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \ufdfa: “\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0632 \u0648\u062c\u0644: \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0622\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u064f \u0644\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u064a \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064c()\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064f \u0635\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u062b() \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062e\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0623\u062d\u062f\u064c \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0644: \u0625\u0646\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064c. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0641() \u0641\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u064a\u0628\u064f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0643. \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0645\u0627: \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0641\u0637\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u064e \u0631\u0628\u0647\u064f \u0641\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0647” \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642\u064c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647().<\/p>\n
Ab\u016b-Hurayra (May All\u0101h be pleased with him) reported the Messenger of All\u0101h \ufdfa said,<\/p>\n
\u201cAll\u0101h the Exalted and Majestic said: \u2018Every act of the son of Adam is for him, except fasting which is (exclusively) for Me, and I reward for it.\u2019 Fasting is a shield. If any one of you happens to fast, then he should neither indulge in obscene language nor should he raise his voice; and if anyone reviles him or tries to quarrel with him, then let him say: \u2018I am fasting.\u2019 By Him in Whose Hand the soul of Mu\u1e25ammad is, the breath of one fasting is finer to All\u0101h than the fragrance of musk. The one who fasts experiences two joys: he feels pleasure when breaking his fast and when he meets his Lord, his Lord will be please with him because of his fast.” [Al-Bukh\u0101r\u012b and Muslim]<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n
This hadith covers 3 themes: the special position of fasting in acts of worship, what demeanor one should adopt in their dealings with others while fasting, and the special virtues of fasting. The commentator will dissect the hadith to develop on the meanings contained in the hadith.<\/p>\n
\u201cAb\u016b-Hurayra (May All\u0101h be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of All\u0101h \ufdfa said, All\u0101h the Exalted and Majestic said: \u2018Every act of the son of Adam is for him, except fasting which is (exclusively) for Me\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
This \u1e25ad\u012bth is part of the a\u1e25\u0101d\u012bth qudsiyya i.e where the Nab\u012b \ufdfa relates from All\u0101h.\u00a0 Al-Kha\u1e6d\u1e6d\u0101b\u012b explains:<\/p>\n
It means that for every action of the son of Adam, he has a share in it and interferes with it. That is because others become aware of it, and that becomes an incentive to seek a premature reward from people through their eulogy and recognition-among other things.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
As for fasting, no one is made aware of it with certainty except All\u0101h and the ego has no share in it. In fact, the ego is broken by it. The body is likewise subject to loss as it is compelled to patiently bear a burning thirst and the agony of hunger.<\/p>\n
Al-Kha\u1e6d\u1e6d\u0101b\u012b also explains: this means that fasting is a pure act of worship which cannot be taken over by show and display, because it is an act of virtue which no one but All\u0101h is cognizant of. This is in line with what has been narrated in \u1e25ad\u012bth, \u2018The intention of the believer is more valuable than his action\u2019. Because intention resides in the heart and as such no one other than All\u0101h is cognizant of it, i.e an intention devoid of action is more valuable than an action devoid of an intention. This is similar to the meaning in the verse<\/p>\n
\ufd3e \u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u062e\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064c \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0641\u0650 \u0634\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0631\u064d \ufd3f<\/p>\n
\u201cThe Night of Qadr is much better than one thousand months\u201d i.e it is better than a thousand months which are devoid of laylatul-qadr.<\/p>\n
Another meaning put forward is: refraining from food and drink is among the attributes of All\u0101h Ta\u02bf\u0101l\u0101, He feeds but is not fed. It is as though He is saying: the person fasting is seeking my proximity through an action linked to one of my attributes-needlessness. There is no equivalent to All\u0101h\u2019s attributes, rather it is a mere comparison.<\/p>\n
It is also said that this is meant to convey honor for a thing, just as one would say: the Prophet of All\u0101h, the house of All\u0101h or the Camel of All\u0101h. Fasting is for All\u0101h. A thing is honored because we know it belongs to All\u0101h, the lord of All majesty and Honor.<\/p>\n
Other explanations are also given, which will be presented further.<\/p>\n
\u201cand I reward for it\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n
This means that the reward for it will be multiplied to an unspecified and countless number. That is because when the generous one (Al-Kar\u012bm) undertakes to distribute something, it undoubtedly entails abundance.<\/p>\n
\u201cFasting is a shield\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n
It is an armor. It acts as a protection from the fire of hell or from disobedience, just as an armor protects from arrows. That is because it breaks base desires and weakens one\u2019s strength towards sin.<\/p>\n
Translator\u2019s note: One may say that it also weakens one\u2019s strength towards good. Though that would be inaccurate due to the fact that every second that passes by while a muslim is fasting, they are rewarded for their obedience and were they to die while fasting, they would die in a state of obedience and were they to die in a state of obedience, then it is a sign of All\u0101hs pleasure and mercy, for which there is only Janna and great reward.<\/p>\n
[Im\u0101m] A\u1e25mad adds in his narration: \u2018And an efficient protection from the fire\u2019. Al-Nas\u0101\u02be\u012b also adds: \u2018As one of you would protect himself in fighting\u2019. A\u1e25mad adds in yet another narration: \u2018As long as one does not break it\u2019.<\/p>\n
[Q\u0101\u1e0d\u012b Ab\u016b-Bakr] Ibn Al-\u02bfArab\u012b explains: it is a shield from the fire because it is a restraint from base desires, which the fire of hell is surrounded by.<\/p>\n
\u201cIf any of you happens to fast, then he should neither indulge in obscene language nor should he raise his voice; and if anyone reviles him or tries to quarrel with him, then let him say: \u2018I am fasting.\u2019 \u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n
One should neither speak indecently nor should they speak overly loud.<\/p>\n
As for when one someone disputes or argues with him, \u2018let him say\u2019 means that one should think in their heart \u2018I am fasting\u2019 so they may abstain from engaging in such a dispute. It is also said that one should in fact speak the words \u2018I am fasting\u2019 so the person in question may retract. This last mention is however only when the person speaking those words feels safe from pretension [riy\u0101\u02be] or the like thereof. It is also said that one should in fact do both, so his speech may cause the other person to refrain from argument and so his heart may cause himself to do the same. It is important to note that this guidance is not specific to a fasting person, but it is nevertheless reinforced for them.<\/p>\n
\u201cBy Him in Whose Hand the soul of Mu\u1e25ammad is, the breath of one fasting is purer\/finer to All\u0101h than the fragrance of musk\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n
The hand of All\u0101h here means His power. The Nab\u012b \ufdfa swore to emphasize his statement, and the \u02bfulam\u0101\u02be consider this evidence for the desirability of swearing to draw the attention of the listener to a matter of importance.<\/p>\n
The breath means the undesirable odor caused by fasting. This is understood from the \u1e25ad\u012bth \u2018My Umma has been given five things in Rama\u1e0d\u0101n\u2026.and the second thing is that their breath in the afternoon is finer than the smell of musk\u2019. This same \u1e25ad\u012bth is also used as evidence that it is the breath in this world which is meant, as explained by Ibn-\u1e62al\u0101\u1e25 and the majority of the \u02bfulam\u0101\u02be.<\/p>\n
The mention of musk is the subject of different interpretations from the \u02bfulam\u0101\u02be:<\/p>\n
\n
- Al-M\u0101zir\u012b explains: it is a metaphor to signify how close fasting brings one to All\u0101h-Ta\u02bf\u0101l\u0101, as it is common for us to have pleasant smells close to us. Fasting is therefore likened to musk for the same reason, due to how it brings one to All\u0101h\u2019s proximity. In other words it is purer in the eyes of All\u0101h than musk is to your eyes, it brings one closer to All\u0101h than you would bring musk close to you. Ibn \u02bfAbdul-Barr has preferred this interpretation.<\/li>\n
- It is also said: it means that what you think of the smell and what it is like of musk to All\u0101h is in opposition with your view as human beings. This interpretation is very similar to the previous one.
\nIt is also said: the meaning is that All\u0101h will reward the one fasting in the hereafter and the smell of their breath will be finer than that of musk, as will be mentioned further \u2018And the smell of his wound will diffuse musk\u2019.<\/li>\n- It is also said: the meaning is that the person will attain a reward which is superior to the smell of musk, especially in comparison to the smell of one\u2019s breath. Both of these last two interpretations were related by Al-Q\u0101\u1e0d\u012b \u02bfIy\u0101\u1e0d.<\/li>\n
- Al-D\u0101w\u016bd\u012b and a group of \u02bfulam\u0101\u02be have said the following: it means that the smell of the breadth has more reward than musk which is considered praiseworthy in jumu\u02bfa and in gatherings of the remembrance of All\u0101h. Im\u0101m Al-Nawaw\u012b favored this interpretation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
The gist of the matter is that the meaning of perfume is to be taken as a metaphor signifying acceptance and contentment from All\u0101h, since the feeling of scent is inconceivable in association with the being of All\u0101h.<\/p>\n
Al-Q\u0101\u1e0d\u012b \u1e24usayn has narrated that acts of obedience will diffuse a smell on the Day of Judgment, and the smell of fasting among those acts will be that of musk.<\/p>\n
\u201cThe one who fasts experiences two joys: he feels pleasure by breaking his fast and when he meets his Lord he is joyful on account of his fast\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n
The first pleasure is on account of completing his fast without blemishing it. It may also refer to the pleasure experienced on account of partaking food at if\u1e6d\u0101r.<\/p>\n
The second pleasure is on account of meeting his Lord or on account of seeing his reward for fasting. In both cases, his pleasure is on account of the acceptance of his fasting.<\/p>\n
This \u1e25ad\u012bth was narrated by both Al-Bukh\u0101r\u012b and Muslim, in the chapter of fasting. It was also narrated by Al-Nas\u0101\u02be\u012b in his Sunan, with the same chapter heading.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647: “\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064f \u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647\u064f\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0647\u064f\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0647\u0648\u062a\u0647\u064f\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0645\u064f \u0644\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u064a \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629\u064f \u0628\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645: “\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0622\u062f\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u064f: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641. \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649: “\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u064a \u0628\u0647: \u064a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0639\u064f \u0634\u0647\u0648\u062a\u0647\u064f \u0648\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647\u064f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644\u064a. \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0646: \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0629\u064c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0637\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u062d\u0629\u064c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0628\u0647. \u0648\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0637\u064a\u0628\u064f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0643”.<\/p>\n
Imam Nawawi included these additional narrations because of the merit contained in their different wording. Although there is some overlap with the previous narration, there is a valuable addition regarding the quantification of reward for fasting.<\/p>\n
In another narration by Al-Bukh\u0101r\u012b, the Messenger of All\u0101h \ufdfa said,<\/p>\n
\u201cAll\u0101h says: \u2018(The person fasting) has abstained from food and drink, and lust for My sake; fasting is for Me, and I will bestow its reward. Every good deed has ten times its reward\u2019 \u201d.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
In a narration by Muslim, the Messenger of All\u0101h \ufdfa said,<\/p>\n
\u201cEvery good deed of the son of \u0100dam is multiplied from ten to seven hundred times. All\u0101h (SWT) says: \u2018Except for fasting, as it certainly is for Me and I alone will give its reward. The person fasting abstains from his lust and from food for My sake.\u2019 The fasting person has two joys, one at the time of breaking his fast, and the other at the time of meeting his Lord. Surely, the breath of the person fasting is finer to All\u0101h than the fragrance of musk\u2019 \u201d.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
\u201cIn another narration by Al-Bukh\u0101r\u012b, the Messenger of All\u0101h \ufdfa said,\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n
This narration originates from Ab\u016b-Hurayra, and it is also a \u1e25ad\u012bth quds\u012b.<\/p>\n
\u201cAll\u0101h says: \u2018(The person fasting) has abstained from food and drink, and lust for My sake; fasting is for Me, and I will bestow its reward.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n
By lust what is meant is intercourse and anything before it that breaks the fast.<\/p>\n
\u201cEvery good deed has ten times its reward\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n
This is the lowest level of multiplication of reward.<\/p>\n
\u201cIn a narration by Muslim, the Messenger of All\u0101h \u0610 said\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n
This narration is narrated by Ab\u016b-Hurayra, but unlike the previous \u1e25ad\u012bth its wording is marfu\u02bf to the Nab\u012b \ufdfa as opposed to being a \u1e25ad\u012bth quds\u012b.<\/p>\n
\u201cEvery good deed of the son of \u0100dam is multiplied from ten to seven hundred times. \u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n
The outward meaning of the \u1e25ad\u012bth is that the action itself is multiplied [i.e the action will be recorded as having been performed several times] and it is also said that it is the reward for the action which is multiplied.<\/p>\n
All\u0101h-Ta\u02bf\u0101l\u0101 says, \ufd3e \u0645\u064e\u062b\u064e\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0641\u0650\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0633\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0643\u064e\u0645\u064e\u062b\u064e\u0644\u0650 \u062d\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064d \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0628\u064e\u062a\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0633\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0639\u064e \u0633\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650\u0644\u064e \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0643\u064f\u0644\u0650\u0651 \u0633\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0628\u064f\u0644\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0650\u0627\u0626\u064e\u0629\u064f \u062d\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064d \ufd3f \u201cThe example of those who spend in the way of All\u0101h is just like a grain that produced seven ears, each ear having a hundred grains, and All\u0101h multiplies (the reward) for whom He wills. All\u0101h is All-Embracing, All-Knowing<\/span><\/span>\u201d (Al-Baqarah, v. 261).<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2018All\u0101h (SWT) says: Except for fasting, as it certainly is for Me and I alone will give its reward.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n
Fasting is not described as having a reward which is multiplied by a specific number. It is similar in that regard to patience, about which All\u0101h-Ta\u02bf\u0101l\u0101 says \ufd3e \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0648\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0650\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0623\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0628\u0650\u063a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u062d\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064d \ufd3f \u201cCertainly those who observe patience will be given their reward in full without measure\u201d (Al-Zumar, v. 10).<\/p>\n
“The person fasting abstains from his lust and from food for My sake.”<\/strong><\/p>\n
Lust means anything that the ego leans towards. Food here means anything nutritious, so drinking is included.<\/p>\n
For My sake<\/em> means because of Me<\/em>.<\/p>\n
\u201dThe fasting person has two joyous occasions, one at the time of breaking his fast, and the other at the time of meeting his Lord. Surely, the breath of the person fasting is purer\/finer to All\u0101h than the fragrance of musk\u2019 \u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n
The first joy is due to having completed his act of worship. The second joy is on account of meeting his Lord and seeing the abundance of his reward.<\/p>\n
Surely is used here for emphasis because of how far-fetched it is for the smell of the breath to be pleasant, given how repulsive people consider it to be. The change in breath resulting from fasting, which occurs in the afternoon, is what is meant here. This is because the change in breath which occurs in the first part of the day is lessened by what one may have eaten at su\u1e25\u016br [the meal prior to dawn].<\/p>\n
The rest of this portion of the \u1e25ad\u012bth has already been explained earlier.<\/p>\n